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10,000 Jewish children's lives were saved.

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but for that I wouldn't be talking to you here today.

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There was no hatred that I can remember
before the Nazis came.

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What did you know about Hitler and the Nazis?

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I knew that he was bad news for Jewish people.

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We were in for a hard time when 
the Germans invaded Austria.

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There was an episode called Kristallnacht,

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when a Jewish student shot a 
German diplomat in Paris.

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People suddenly became hostile,
there was this atmosphere of aggression.

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They burnt the Synagogues, beat up Jewish
people in the street, ransacked Jewish shops.

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So that was the first real atrocity.

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What was exactly the Kindertransport and
how did you get into it?

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After Kristallnacht an amazing thing happened.

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We had a GP and he told my parents that
he'd heard of a couple in England

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who were willing to foster a child and would they
let me go on this Kindertransport?

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So my parents said yes, they had very little choice.

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They couldn't get out, so at least they thought
I should be able to get to safety.

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We were put onto a train, 
it was a very long journey.

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We started out on the evening of the 20th of June,

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and I didn't arrive in England until the 22nd.

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In this way, 10 000 Jewish childrens'
lives were saved.

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What would have happened with you if you had
stayed in Austria with your parents?

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I would have joined the one and a half million
children who were destroyed by the Nazis.

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Some were shot into ditches, whole families,

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and then they devised these gas chambers,

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where they herded people into a big room and
dropped poison gas through a chimney,

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and that way several million Jewish men,
women and children were murdered.

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I well remember the jackboots coming up our stairs,

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I remember the Nazis bashing on our door

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and demanding that my father came out.

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I found out later that they'd been starved
and beaten and humiliated.

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Any sort of cruelty they could think of.

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Many, many, many years later I found out that my 
father had been killed in a concentration camp.

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Did you ever think of going back to Austria?

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I viewed Austria with total horror.

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I thought, 'Well, maybe I should go back
just to see whether it was real'

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Some of it was like a bad dream.

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There I was in the place where I lived, the only
thing that was missing were the people.

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It was a very harrowing, very painful trip.

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What do you think, Martha, is the most important thing

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for younger generations to know about the Holocaust?

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The innocent people deserve to be remembered,

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who did no wrong and were killed in
this brutal and horrific manner.

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To realise that the same mechanisms that were
used by the Nazis to stir up hatred,

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they can be used at any time. 
They're still being used.

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Do you think it's less likely for something like
the Holocaust to happen again

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because Europe is so multi-cultural?

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A great many people in places 
like London accept difference

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accept people of different colours and origins.

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There are tensions, and it's very easy
to stir up hatred, now as it was then.

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Hatred can lead to mass murder.